flagellar

Flagellar cross section ***ysis using TEM Flagella crosssections are reconstructed in series from mussel flagella crosssection TEM pictures. It is arranged that the central doublet is the registration point and the other two lines follow the spatial relation to it. It can be noted that a T force is present as it travels down the lenght of the axeoneme.

The Best Arguments Against Intelligent Design 1/5 My response to what I consider to be the best arguments against the theory of intelligent design for the origin and diversity of life. For further information on Kenneth Miller's arguments in particular see: www.detectingdesign.com Sean Pitman www.DetectingDesign.com

Flagellar motion.MOV Students enact how flagellar motion occurs in Bacteria

Bacterial Flagellum This video describes how bacteria use flagella to propel themselves through their environment. This video is from: Essential Cell Biology, 3rd Edition Alberts, Bray, Hopkin, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, & Walter ISBN: 978-0-8153-4129-1

The Flagellar Motor - By Design or By Chance.wmv A clear and detailed understanding of the unfathomable complexity of molecular machines, and their close similarity with intelligently designed man-made machines, as revealed by decades of reverse engineering, will render Darwinian "just-so" stories preposterous beyond belief.

20100306_204952_TearDropProtistFlagella.avi There are these small teardrop-shaped protists that I've been seeing for some time, and never really knew much of what they were. They are always shaped like this example, and are usually greener than this one, and usually move rather quickly. Today, I found one that was rather browner than most, and rather slow-moving. It doesn't show in any of the still images that I took, but I could see a frantic movement off of the front (round) end, which I believe to be a flagella. Thus I now know this to be some sort of flagellate, probably a variety of Euglena. In this instance, it looked rather tangled; I suspect that this is not normal and healthy for this critter, and that this is why it moved so slowly. en.wikipedia.org See the still photo at this URL for a better view of the whole creature: www.facebook.com 60× objective 15× eyepiece Each numbered tick is 20 µM This video covers an area that is approximately 51½ × 38⅔ µM

Swimming E. coli www.rowland.harvard.edu

Co-Option Co-option is a proposed solution to the problem of irreducibly complex machines inherent in living cells. Irreducible complexity relates to a characteristic of common complex systems whereby they need all of their individual components parts in place in order to impart functionality to the system as a whole. In other words, it is impossible to reduce the complexity of an irreducibly complex system by removing any of its component parts and still maintain its functionality. The concept was popularized by Lehigh University Professor Michael Behe in his breakthrough book Darwins black Box. Behe uses the mousetrap as an illustrative example of this concept. A mousetrap consists of five interacting pieces -- the base, the catch, the spring, the hammer, and the hold-down bar. All of these must be in place for the mousetrap to work, as the removal of any one piece destroys the function of the mousetrap. In like manner, biological systems require multiple parts working together in order to function. Removal of one of the constituent parts renders the entire system non-functional. Behes best known example of an irreducibly complex system from biological systems is the bacterial flagellum. An ensemble of over forty different kinds of proteins makes up the typical bacterial flagellum. These proteins function in concert as a literal rotary motor. The bacterial flagellums components stand as direct ***ogs to the parts of a man-made motor, including a rotor, stator, drive shaft ...

Flagellar Resorption Prior to Mitosis

Flagellated protozoa You can see the flagellar motor in the upper right hand corner in full quality. I twill flick it and then start it up. It will then go out of focus but I left that bit in because you can see the way it moves. This is one of my first vids so the quality is lacking. My later vids are better. Also The sound was messed up so i put in a random track.

The Bacterial Flagellum animation of the bacterial flagellum in motion

Chlamydomonas Flagellar Synchronization This video is a summary of the findings reported in the article "Chlamydomonas Swims with Two `Gears' in a Eukaryotic Version of Run-and-Tumble Locomotion," by M. Polin, I. Tuval, K. Drescher, JP Gollub, and RE Goldstein, Science 325, 487 (2009).

Euglenid metaboly: Heteronema Another clip of euglenid metaboly, this time with Heteronema sp.. Note the conspicuous thin pellicle strips on the surface, particularly visible around 0:15. Around 0:04 a contractile vacuole and the flagellar pocket are somewhat visible. Note the thick flagellum and how the organism moves it -- this is a very characteristic trait for euglenids, and often they can be easily recognised based on that -- the tip of the extended flagellum tends to be exceptionally flexible and active. Typically, euglenids that have an emergent second flagellum, like this Heteronema specimen, use the recurrent (backward-pointing) flagellum to glide on. Freshwater, Apr 2011, Vancouver

flagellum

Flagellar Motors: Introduction to Systems Biology

The Evolution of the Flagellum BEHE CONCEDES IC SYSTEMS CAN EVOLVE Here I present a theory first published in 2003 by Nicholas Matzke. For more details one can view his work at www.talkdesign.org This theory is derived from a wealth of data regarding protein homologies. It shows that a fully functional flagellum could evolve through multiple functional intermediates. Each step involves the modification of only a single protein. For more discussion on the actual proteins involved and their homologues see the link above. When ID proponents ask what good is half a flagellum, well, ¾ a flagellum is good for dispersion, ½ a flagellum is good for attachment to substrates, ¼ a flagellum is good for regulated protein secretion. This model based on a wealth of evidence shows that the flagellum could evolve. Since 2003 many experiments have confirmed what initially were only predictions or weak assumptions. Still, many fine details remain to be worked out regarding function, not origin. For example, how does the ATP synthase derived components impart the motion of active transport, or how does the Tol-Pal derived components actually spine the flagellum. Behe in the Dover trial concedes that Irreducibly Complex systems can evolve. Lawyer -- "You say, Even if a system is irreducibly complex and thus could not have been produced directly, however, one cannot definitively rule out the possibility of an indirect, circuitous route, right? Behe -- "Yes." Lawyer -- "And by indirect, you mean evolution from a pre-cursor ...

Flagellar motor Electron density structure of bacterial flagellar motor (published by Murphy, GE et al. in Nature, 2006) Data source: EBI Macromolecular Structure Database.

Darwinian Evolution and that Crazy Bacterial Flagellum ! . Twenty-first century science has found that the extreme complexity of molecular motors such as the bacterial flagellum disprove the notion of Darwinian evolution. Early Darwinists believed life would be found to be simple, but this was not the case. Additionally, how can miniature machines of such complexity evolve by chance when all the multiple parts must be perfectly functioning (together) in order to provide any benefit whatsoever to the creature? This clip is from Illustra Media's "Where Does the Evidence Lead?" c2003.

Bacterial Clutch Denotes Design www.icr.org Real Science with Bait and Switch Researchers already knew that these molecular-sized motors have "gears" and are reversible, liquid-cooled, proton gradient-powered, precisely assembled, and well anchored, but investigator Daniel Kearns has discovered that the bacterial flagellar motor also has a clutch.2 This "clutch" protein disconnects the drive shaft (rotor) from the motor, so that the flagellum (propeller) hangs limply. This way, the bacteria do not have to constantly swim with their propellers stuck in "drive." They can just idle in neutral and float. Professor Kearns remarked, "We think it's pretty cool that evolving bacteria and human engineers arrived at a similar solution to the same problem."3 The Flagellum Motor - A Self-Assembling Nanomachine - www.youtube.com

Bacterium Model in Action Bacterium Model with Flagellum in Action. The Model is set in a tube with water. When the rotation speed is increased from 400 to 2000 rpm the Model escapes from the field coils.

bacterial flagellar motility The spinning bacterium in the center provides a striking visual demonstration of flagellar motility in bacteria. Its flagellum (not visible) has become attached to the glass microscope slide. When the flagellar baseplate motor rotates, the cell spins in place. A microbial version of the tail wagging the dog as it were.

Flagellar movement of Euglena Microscope Magnification: 400x Size estimation: 450µm/1,3= 346,15µm

Irreducible Complexity (bacterial flagellum) debunked In this video from a lecture about the Kitzmiller trial, Ken Miller debunks Michael Behe's pseudoscience, "Irreducible Complexity". This is one of the main Creationist arguments against Evolution. Miller shows that the common example, bacterial flagellum, is not in fact irreducibly complex. If it were irreducibly complex, then removing parts should make them useless. However, this is not the case. The parts have functions of their own! Thus, "IC" is proven to be false. More on Michael Behe's false arguments here: www.talkorigins.org Why IC is a God of the Gaps (unscientific) explanation: www.talkorigins.org Even if there was a seemingly irreducibly complex system, that would not be a real argument against evolution as such. Just because science can't explain everything right now doesn't mean that it will be unable to do so in the future. "There must be a God because we cannot explain this", or "God of the gaps", is a concept which does not hold water, since that God disappears more and more, the more science explains. God of the Gaps is not science, it is pseudoscience. (Video credit: Kurpalac@YouTube)

three helical swimmer (artificial bacterial flagella) swim in a controllable fashion in water This video shows three left-handed artificial bacterial flagella (ABF) swimming forward, backward, and turning. The ABF are propelled and steered by external magnetic field. www.iris.ethz.ch

Axeoneme diameter dialation Without the use of ATP flagellar diameter is shown in this recontruction of motion to dialate and contract in the presence of varing amounts of Mg only.

32. Plants adapted. amphibians. design. flagellar rotation. (DVD 4, 1hr47:54-1hr51:44) 32. Plants adapted. amphibians. design. flagellar rotation. (DVD 4, 1hr47:54-1hr51:44)FYI. I do not allow comments on these videos. If you notice, these video clips are taken from the seminar videos. If you want to leave a comment, you are welcome to go to the seminar video on my channel and leave your comment on that video where these clips are taken from. For organizational reasons I am not taking comments here. If you have already tried to leave a comment on this video, my apologies, you are welcome to repost on the real video featuring this clip by going to my channel page and looking for this DVD under the "playlist" for this Seminar.

Rehinging Bi-Flagellar Locomotion in a Viscous Fluid This is the hydrodynamically optimal bi-flagellar locomotion at zero Reynolds number. At the end of each period shown, the hinge switches from one side to the other, and the motion repeats. In this way the motion is not reciprocal, and there can be a net swimming motion. M is the number of links on each flagella, and N is the number of Fourier modes describing the time signature of the angles at each joint. There are degeneracies when M, N are very large; waves are visible early and late in the symmetric stroke, indicating that this body would prefer to be a wave-generating flagellum which is more efficient!

Chlamydomonas swimming Video from Kamiyasan from the 70s of a Chlamy cell swimming using its two flagella. Flagella are extremely conserved (near identical to ours!) and all the major discoveries of flagellar motility come from Chlamydomonas. We study how those long structures move and ask questions like: What causes coordinated movement? What protein complexes and structures are important/required for flagellar motility? What is the homology (similarity) between those proteins and vertebrate/human proteins?

Mouse sperm This video shows sperm from the mouse swimming in a viscous medium so that the speed of motion is reduced. Mouse sperm have a characteristically curved head and long tail (flagella).

Bacterium Flagellum Motor Flagellum Motor

cross section of a flagella 3d model of the cross section of a flagella rotates.

Swimming Bacteria, Normal or Strange. The bacteria (Escherichia coli) are swimming actively in the medium. They are mainly at least 3-5 times longer than normal length during this exponential phase. They apparently continued to grow (increase in chromosomes and all the cytoplasmic contents) without cell division. A day later I recorded them (same slide) again, as you'll see they were much less active and shown in mostly normal or double-sized cells. This phase is known as the stationary phase. Then, I Gram's stained them. They turned red after counterstaining with Safranin-O. Note that in the clip, the cell colour is not exactly as it was seen microscopically. This was because of prior setting of hue in the recorder's programme. The flagella in the drawings are exaggeratedly large. (If interested, I'd suggest you watch vids on flagella. You'd have a clearer picture of it.) The actual normal diameter is too small to be visualized in the microscope without staining or using any other techniques. The characteristic movement therefore implies us that there is(are) at the first glance. Interestingly, did you notice?, some cells could seemingly attract other cells attachment (other cells came to visit that area more often.). Do you have any explanation for that?

flagellum A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a long, slender projection from the cell body, which can be directly seen with the light or electron microscope

Visualizing Flagellar crossections with animation flagella crossections setup to recreate movement

Bacterial Flagellum - Evolution's Nightmare & Demise About the Bacterial Flagellum video and more: More at www.detectingdesign.com Detailed response to Nick Matzke's proposition on the bacterial flagellum www.idthink.net Another video (unrelated to the flagellum but very impressive): aimediaserver.com -Evolutionist claim that all of life's features (example: the bacterial flagellum) can be explained by the purely material process described in their theory - accidental mutations sorted by natural selection. However, Intelligent Design (ID) theory makes the claim that certain features exist in the universe (including features of life) that are BEST explained by an intelligent cause (ie. a cause with a goal or purpose - ergo originating from a mind). With the scientific hypothesis of intelligent causation, and the objective explanatory filter developed by Dr William Dembski - www.uncommondescent.com - ID theory has quickly & firmly established itself as the "official" headache for the most ardent evolutionists today. Those that are informed know what is at stake, and that the explanatory power of the intelligent design theory is effectively guaranteed to supplant a purely materialist theory of evolution in time. This can be seen in how ID has reached a type of critical mass of acceptance - wherewith about a hundred classes are already taught in various universities (including the Ivy league). Classes whcih challenge purely materialistic thinking and more critically ***yze the theory of evolution. The growth will continue as ...

flagellum 3 flagellum

Evolution Debunked.flv Evolution Debunked by:KeithTruth....www.youtube.com The great debate is over.. evil-lie-tion is debunked What would constitute objective proof of God? Well, consider the following self-evident and universally recognized truth: Concept and design necessitate an intelligent designer. The presence of intelligent design proves the existence of an intelligent designer. It's simply cause and effect. In our search for proof of God's existence, we could examine the various claims of supernatural occurrences, determine whether or not these are legitimate experiences, and build a case for the existence of the supernatural, which would be a step towards identifying a supernatural Creator God. Or we can just apply what we already know and search for signs of intelligent design within creation itself. We know that design necessitates a designer. In fact, in accordance with this fundamental axiom, design detection methodology is a prerequisite in many fields of human endeavor, including archaeology, anthropology, forensics, criminal jurisprudence, copyright law, patent law, reverse engineering, crypto ***ysis, random number generation, and SETI. And how do we recognize intelligent design? In general, we find "specified complexity" to be a reliable indicator of the presence of intelligent design. Chance can explain complexity alone but not specification -- a random sequence of letters is complex but not specified (it's meaningless). A Shakespearean sonnet is both complex and specified ...

Flagellar membrane surface movement reconstructed 10 serial Mussel Flagella crosssections were outlined and then lofted using a cad program. Then each Outine was displacedd along the flagellar length. The sequence was then added in reverse to show direction change.The reason this may be significant is that it adds the cork screw effect against viscous forces combined with the larger motion of the tail.

flagella & cilia shows d' movement of flagella & cilia in algae

The Flagellum Motor - A Self-Assembling Nanomachine A Creation Challenge to the Chickens of Evolution - www.youtube.comUnderstanding mankind's true origin is essential in determining one's final destiny. This visually rich, full production presents conclusive evidence that the universe and all life were created. In addition, scientific foreknowledge found only in the Bible reveals that the God of the Bible is the Creator. A Question of Origins is essential viewing for anyone who has questions or doubts concerning the scientific accuracy of the Word of God. A great witnessing tool intended for our current generation. Topic 8 from the video, A Question of Origins. Watch the entire video - www.christiananswers.net Eternal Productions 1-877-370-7770 (USA) 1-800-689-1888 (CAN Order on Line: www.eternal-productions.org Website: www.eternal-productions.org http Quotes by Evolutionary Scientists Against Evolution - hosted.homeserver.com Live broadcasting and downloading at warnlive.com

Flagella Stain Demonstrates the Flagella staining procedure.

Reducible Complexity? On this episode of ID the Future, CSCs Casey Luskin interviews Senior Fellow Michael Behe, the well known author of Darwins Black Box, and more recently, The Edge of Evolution. Behe shares his work on the bacterial flagellar motor and explains why, in his view, the flagellum is irreducibly complex. Behe also examines the two currently proposed evolutionary explanations for the assembly of the flagellum, co-option and homology, showing why both proposals fall short in uncovering the origins of this molecular machine. Link: www.discovery.org www.arn.org www.discovery.org www.discovery.org FAQ: www.uncommondescent.com